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OBJECTIVE To study the improvement effects of Shaoyao gancao decoction （SGD） on acute lung injury （ALI） in rats and its effects on the intestinal flora. METHODS Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （CON group， normal saline）， model group （MOD group， normal saline）， positive control group （DEX group， 5 mg/kg dexamethasone）， SGD low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （SGD-L， SGD-M， SGD-H groups， 5.8， 11.6， 23.2 g/kg， calculated by crude drug）， with 10 rats in each group. Each group was given relevant medicine 10 mL/kg intragastrically， for 7 consecutive days. Thirty minutes after the last administration， CON group was given constant volume of normal saline via airway infusion， and other groups were given lipopolysaccharide （5 mg/kg） via airway infusion to induce ALI model. After 12 hours of modeling， the lung tissue wet/dry weight ratio was calculated， and the contents of interleukin 1β （IL-1β）， IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α） in rat bronchial alveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were all detected； the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The intestinal flora of rat feces was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing technology， and the correlation of differential bacteria genera with inflammatory factors was also analyzed. RESULTS Compared with MOD group， the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue of rats in each SGD dose group was decreased， and the thickening of alveolar septum and pulmonary edema improved； lung tissue wet/dry weight ratio， the levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. SGD （low dose） could improve the intestinal flora disorder in ALI rats， restore the diversity and richness of intestinal flora， regulate the structure of flora， reduce the abundance of Lactobacillus， Streptococcus and Escherichia-Shigella， and increase the abundance of Firmicutes， Lachnospira， Ruminococcus， Clostridia，Dubosiella and Akkermansia. Through correlation analysis， it was found that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus， Streptococcus and Escherichia-Shigella was positively related to the levels of inflammatory factor IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The relative abundance of Lachnospira， Dubosiella， Firmicutes was significantly negatively correlated with the levels of inflammatory factors mentioned above （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS SGD may improve ALI by reducing lung tissue injury and inflammatory response and regulating flora structure in rats.
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3-iodothyronamine（T1AM）is an endog enous derivative of thyroid hormone. It can also be used as exogenous drug. It can play pharmacological effects such as reducing cardiac output and coronary flow ，slowing heart rate ，promoting lipolysis ， reducing basic metabolism and improving learning and memory ability. Its regulatory effect on metabolism is similar to that of thyroxine，but regulatory effect on heart and thermogenic function is opposite to that of thyroxine. As a new chemical messenger ， T1AM can exert different pharmacological effects through a variety of receptors and signal pathways. This review summarizes the research progress of various pharmacological effects and mechanisms of exogenous T 1AM，in order to provide new therapeutic drugs of cardiovascular ，metabolic diseases and nervous system diseases.
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Objective To investigate the value of serum high sensitive C reactive protein(hs-CRP) in the risk stratification and prognosis evaluation in the patients with coronary heart disease and PCI operation.Methods One hundred and sixty-three cases of coronary heart disease and undergoing PCI in this hospital from March 2013 to September 2015 were selected and performed the coronary angiography examination before operation.Then the patients were divided into 3 groups according to the hs-CRP level.The Gensini score was used to judge the blood vessel stenosis degree.The patients were followed up within six months after surgery.The major cardiovascular events were recorded and the relationship between the hs-CRP level with the number of diseased vessels,Gensini score,MACE and other coronary heart disease risk factors was analyzed.Results Hypertension and hs-CRP level had statistically significant difference among 3 groups(P＜0.05);preoperative hs-CRP level showed positive correlation with hs-cTnT level (r =0.44,P＜ 0.001),while the hs-CRP was negatively correlated with the HDL-C level (r =-0.18,P =0.003);with the Gemini score elevation,the hs-CRP level was similarly elevated,the hs-CRP levels in the patients with severe,moderate and mild vascular stenosis evaluated by Gensini's score were(17.11±9.58),(10.02±3.59),(4.11±1.62)mg/L respectively,the difference among them had statistical significance(F=37.21,P＜0.05).Within postoperative six months,the MACE occurrence rates in 3 groups were 32.1％,52.9 ％ and 59.2 ％ respectively,the differences among the three groups were statistically significant(x2 =13.523,P =0.001),and the target lesion blood supply reconstruction rate had statistically significant difference(x2 =7.522,P =0.022).The hsCRP level was an independent risk factor of MACE occurrence(OR =2.06,95 ％ CI:1.31-3.42,P=0.005).Conclusion Serum hs-CRP is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events occurrence after PCI surgery in the patients with coronary heart disease.
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Objective To investigate the effects of oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) on dendritic cells (DC) in order to provide an experimental basis for better understanding the role of DC in ath-erosclerosis. Methods Mouse splenic DC, arterial DC and na?ve T cells were sorted by immunomagnetic sorting and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Expression of Chop,Caspase-3,heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1),Toll-like receptors (TLR), CD36 and CD86 at mRNA level in DC was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. To analyze the influence of DCs on T cell differentiation,IFN-γ and IL-17 that secreted by anti-gen-specific na?ve CD4+T cells which were co-cultured with DC were detected by flow cytometry. PEMS3.1 software was used for statistical analysis.Differences between groups were compared using one-way ANOVA. Results OxLDL promoted the expression of Chop, Caspase-3 and HMOX-1 in mouse splenic and arterial wall DC at mRNA level,which was inhibited by N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), an inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS). OxLDL induced an increased expression of CD36,CD86 and TLR4 at mRNA level on arte-rial wall DC. OxLDL promoted the DC-induced differentiation of na?ve CD4+CD62L+T cells into Th17 cells. Conclusion OxLDL promotes the expression of Chop,Caspase-3 and HMOX-1 at mRNA level in DC in a ROS-dependent manner and enhances the expression of CD36,TLR4 and CD86. Moreover,it promotes the DC-induced differentiation of na?ve CD4+T cells into Th17 cells.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between cytochrome P450(CYP) 2C19 gene polymorphism with major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) after PCI in the patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods A total of 233 patients with CHD undergoing PCI in the cardiology department of our hospital from January 2014 to January 2015 were selected.All patients were given the standardized dual anti-platelet therapy of aspirin and clopidogrel.The occurrence situation of MACE within 1 year(unstable angina pectoris,cardiac death,in-stent restenosis,non-fatal myocardial infarction) was obtained by follow up.All patients were divided into the MACE group and non-MACE group.The PCR solubility curve was adopted to detect the CYP2C19 gene polymorphism.Results Among 233 cases of CHD,37 cases (15.88％) developed cardiovascular events and 196 cases (84.12 ％) did not develop vascular events;the age,sex,hypertension and diabetes mellitus had no statistical differences between the two groups(P＞0.05).The frequency of CYP2C19 * 1 in the included cases was 68.45％,which of CYP2C19 * 2 was 28.33％ and which of CYP2C19 * 3 was 3.22％.The extensive-metabolism,intermediate metabolism and slow metabolism types in the cardiovascular events group accounted for 5.41 ％,64.86 ％ and 29.73 ％ respectively,while which in the non event group were 59.69 ％,29.08％ and 11.22％ respectively,the CYP2C19 genotype distribution had statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CYP2C19 intermediate metabolism type [OR 2.562,95％CI(2.825,7.350),P=0.021 0],slow metabolism type [OR 5.139,95％CI(1.289,5.232),P＜0.01],hypertension [OR 2.480,95 ％CI(1.079,5.698),P=0.032 4],smoking[OR 4.802,95％CI(1.082,18.371),P=0.029 0] were the independent risk factors for the occurrence of cardiovascular events in the patients with CHD.Conclusion CYP2C19 * 2 and CYP2C19 * 3 gene polymorphism are the independent risk factors for MACE occurrence after PCI in the patients with CHD.
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Objective To investigate the effects of aspirin(aspi) on rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) proliferation induced by aldosterone(ald) and the underlying molecular mechanisms .Methods Primary CFs from 1-3 day neonatal rats were digested by 0.08%trypsin and then purified by differential adhesion .The rats were divided into four groups:control group, DMEM medium ( free calf serum ) , ald group [ DMEM medium ( free calf serum ) +ald 1 ×10 -8 mol/L ] , aspi group [DMEM medium (free calf serum)+ald 1 ×10 -8 mol/L+aspi 1.11 ×10 -6 mol/L] and spiro group [DMEM medium (free calf serum)+ald 1 ×10 -8 mol/L +spiro 1 ×10 -6 mol/L].The morphology of CFs was assayed by HE staining methods .MTT Methods were used to measure cell proliferation .Western blotting was used to determine protein expression of TGF-β-Smad 2,3,4.Results HE Staining results showed that compared with the control group , ald activated cell proliferation and increased the cell division phase significantly (P<0.01).Compared with ald group, aspi+ald as well as spiro+ald could reduce cell division significantly ( P<0 .05 ) .MTT assay showed that compared with control group , ald could significantly improve the metabolism of MTT in CF (P <0.01).Compared with ald group, aspi +ald as well as spiro+ald could reduce the metabolism of MTT (P<0.01).Western blotting revealed that the expression levels of TGF-β-Smad 2, 3, 4 in CF were significantly increased by the stimulation of ald but were significantly reduced in aspi +ald and spiro+ald groups compared with ald group (P<0.01).Conclusion Aspi can inhibit the proliferation of CFs induced by ald,possibly by down-regulating the expression of Smad 2, Smad3 and Smad4.
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Objective To investigate the pathological changes of cardiac collagen in the elderly patients with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH)and the difference of collagen among the groups of essential hypertension(EH),diabetes (T2DM) under the condition of the same stage,providing pathological foundation of clinical treatment for curing diseases and the early heart protection.Methods A retrospective study was performed in 140 cases over 65 years old of EH and normal cases as control out of 3520 consecutive autopsied cases from 1954 to 2001 in Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital.The pathological changes of collagen were studied with hematoxylin and eosion(HE) staining,Sirius Red F3B (SR)and immunohistochemistry staining.Myocardial interstital collagen deposition was observed with light microscope and polarization technique.Quantitative measurements on the myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF),CVFS of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ,and the rate of collagen type Ⅰ to type Ⅲ (Ⅰ/Ⅲ) were determined with videodensitometry.Results The CVF(6.32％ ± 0.92％) and CVF Ⅰ (5.93％ ± 0.94％)were increased significantly in EH LVH Ⅰ group (P ＜0.01) ; but,CVF Ⅲ (2.23％ ±0.38％) and Ⅰ/Ⅲ (2.69 ±0.42) did not change significantly in EH Ⅰ group compared with the control group; The changes in the aforementioned four items were increased significantly in EH LVH Ⅱ and EH LVH Ⅲ groups (P ＜0.01)compared with the control group.The CVF and CVF-Ⅰ were decreased significantly(P ＜ 0.01) ; but CVF-Ⅲ and Ⅰ/Ⅲ did not change significantly in DM LVH-I group compared with the EH LVH-I group; the CVF(4.23％ ± 0.69％) and CVF-Ⅰ (3.92％ ±0.40％) were decreased significantly(P ＜0.01); but CVF-Ⅲ(1.79％ ±0.21％) and Ⅰ/Ⅲ (2.20 ±0.20) did not change significantly in DM LVH-Ⅰ group compared with the EH LVH-Ⅰ group.Conclusions (1)The myocardial stiffness and the reduction of cardiac diastolic function deteriorated most with the development of LVH.(2)Under the condition of the same stage,the myocardial stiffness and the reduction of cardiac diastolic function deteriorated seriously in EH groups,diabetes patients,myocardial stiffness and the reduction of cardiac diastolic function deteriorated slightly.
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AIM:To investigate the dependence of the adrenoceptor regulation on oxidative stress in the rats with cardiac injury induced by high sympathetic activity .METHODS: Healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups:control, model, propranolol (Pro), prazosin (Praz), Pro+Praz, vitamin E (VE) and Pro+Praz+VE.The rats were intraperitoneally injected with norepinephrine ( NE) for continuous 16 d to reproduce cardiac injury , and treated with the respective drugs .During the experimental process , the body weight was recorded .At the end of the experiments , the following parameters were measured:the ventricular remodeling indexes ( cardiac index and hydroxyproline of the left ven-tricle), histopathologic examination , oxidative/antioxidative indexes [MDA, SOD, catalase (CAT), GSH-Px and total an-tioxidant capacity (T-AOC)], and energy metabolism (Na+-K+ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+ATPase).RESULTS: The in-crease of body weight in model group was significantly slower than that in control group after 9 d of treatment (P<0.05). The cardiac index and left ventricular hypertrophy were significantly increased .Oxidation/antioxidation and energy metabo-lism were disturbed.In Pro, Praz, Pro+Praz and VE groups, the body weight, cardiac index, left ventricular fibrosis and oxidative/antioxidative dysfunction were ameliorated .Pro, Praz and Pro +Praz increased the activity of Na +-K+ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+ATPase.Treatment with Pro+Praz showed the best result in all of the indexes (P<0.05).CONCLU-SION:The dependence of adrenoceptor regulation plays an important role in the formation of oxidative stress in the process of rat cardiac injury induced by high sympathetic activity .
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The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of heme oxygenase-1, carbon monoxide and nitricoxide synthase, nitrogen monoxide systems on vascular remodeling of injured balloon carotid artery in rabbits and the intercorrelations among the two systems after balloon angioplasty. Seventy rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups, i. e., control group, SH group, Chol group, Arg group, L-NAME group, Hem group, and Znpp group. The control group received normal chow, while all the rabbits the rest six groups received 1.5% cholesterol diet. Among the six test groups, to those in Chol group and SH group nothing else was added except the 1.5% cholesterol. L-arginine or L-nitro-arginine methylester was added to those in the Arg group and in the L-NAME group with drinking water. Hemin or zincprotoporphyrin IX was added to those in Hem group and in Znpp group by injecting the medicine into the abdominal cavity. After two weeks, the experimental groups underwent balloon injury at one side common carotid artery. Compared to Chol group, the HO-1 activity and CO production increased significantly. The intima area was reduced distinctly in Hem group, while there were opposite results in Znpp group. Compared with that in Chol group, the NF-kappaB activity of Arg group and Hem group were lower significantly. That of L-NAME group and Znpp group were higher significantly. Compared with that in the Chol group, the cNOS activity and NO production were eleveated markedly in Arg group while they were decreased markedly in L-NAME group. The intima area was reduced significantly in Arg group, while in L-NAME group they were not different from those in Chol group. These results suggested that the reciprocal relationship between HO-1/CO and NOS/NO system in restenosis may play the inhibitory role against neointimal proliferation and vascular wall remodeling after balloon angioplasty.
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Animals , Rabbits , Carbon Monoxide , Metabolism , Carotid Arteries , Metabolism , Pathology , Catheterization , Heme Oxygenase-1 , Metabolism , Nitric Oxide , Metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase , Metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III , Metabolism , Random AllocationABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of electrical stimulation below the contraction threshold on apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 in cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction in rats.Methods Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:a sham-operated group,a myocardial infarction group,an ischemic electrical stimulation group and a non-ischemic electrical stimulation group.TdT-mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)was used to investigate apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR)and immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the expression of caspase-3.Results ①Compared with the sham-operated group,the amount of apoptotic cardiomyocytes increased significantly in the two electrical stimulation groups and the ischemic myocardium group.Compared with the ischemic myocardium group,apoptotic cardiomyocytes decreased significantly in the two electrical stimulation groups.There was no significant difference between the two electrical stimulation groups.②Compared with the sham-operated group,in the ischemic myocardium group and the two electrical stimulation groups,expression of caspase-3 increased significantly.Compared with the ischemic myocardium group,expression of caspase-3 decreased significantly in the two electrical stimulation groups.There was again no significant difference between the two electrical stimulation groups.Conclusions Electrical stimulation below the contraction threshold can reduce ischemic cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats.The mechanisms may be associated with down-regulation of the expression of caspase-3.Electrical stimulation below the contraction threshold of the myocardium can also reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats.
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Objective To investigate the protective effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/carbon monoxide (CO) system on restenosis after balloon angioplasty and relative mechanism. Methods Fifty rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups. Control group received normal chow (Control group), the other rabbits received 1.5% cholesterol diet (Chol group and SH group) or 1.5%cholesterol diet plus hemin (Hem group) or zinc protoporphyrin Ⅸ (Znpp group) for 10 weeks. At the third week of experiment, the three experimental groups underwent balloon injury at one side common carotid artery. Results Compared with control group, arterial nitric oxide production and nitricoxide synthase activity were significantly decreased, while HO-1 expression and CO production were significantly increased (all P＜0. 01 ) in Chol group. The intima thickness and ratio of intima/media (I/M) were lower in Hem group than in Chol group [(281.47± 21.10) μm vs. (442.17 ±59.14) μm, 2.49 ± 0. 17 vs. 3.99 ± 0. 52, respectively]. While arterial HO-1 expression and CO production were increased markedly, endothelin-1 expression was distinctly reduced in Hem group group than in Chol group. Compared with Chol group, arterial HO-1 expression and CO production were decreased obviously, while endothelin-1 expression and intima thickness and ratio of intima/media [(698.71±58. 37) μm, 6.17±0. 52]were significantly increased in Znpp group (all P＜0. 01).Conclusions The HO-1/CO system plays a protective role on improving endothelium function and restraining neointimal proliferation by compensating and regulating nitricoxide synthase/nitric oxide system and lowering endothelin -1 expression so as to inhibit restenosis after balloon injury.
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Objective To observe the changes of autonomic nervous function in elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) accompanying anxiety or depression, and to explore their clinical significance. Methods The 85 elderly inpatients with CHD, diagnosed by selective coronary angiography, were divided into anxiety group (32 cases), depression group (28 cases) and control group (simple CHD without anxiety or depression, 25 cases). The heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed according to electrocardiograph detected by dynamic cardiograms. Results Compared with the controls, the standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (SDNN), the rate mean square of the differences of successive RR intervals (rMSSD), the percentage of RR intervals differing ＞ 50 ms (PNN50) and the high frequency (HF) decreased markedly in patients with CHD accompanying anxiety or depression, and the low frequency (LF) increased significantly in anxiety group than in control group [(348. 2 ± 70. 6) Hz vs. (295.4+70.0) Hz, t=2.78,P＜0.05], while the HF decreased significantly [(65. 5±14. 4) Hz vs. (77.9± 13. 7) Hz, t=3.16,P＜0. 05]. There were no significant differences between the anxiety group and depression group in the corresponding parameters. Conclusions The injury of vagus nerve function, also autonomic nerve system dysfunction are more seriously in patients with CHD accompanying anxiety or depression than with simple CHD. Actively treating patients with CHD accompanying anxiety or depression may improve their prognosis.
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Objective To study the effects of 50 Hz low voltage electric stimulation on angiogenesis and the expression of VEGF in the ischemic myoeardium in rats. Methods Twelve Wistar rats with experimentally induced myocardial ischemia were randomly divided into an electric stimulation (ES) group and a control group. The animals in the electric stimulation group were electrically stimulated at 50 Hz and 0.3 V through electrodes implanted in the epicardium of the anterior wall of the left artrium. Those in the control group were delivered sham electrical stimula- tion through similar implanted electrodes. Immunohistochemistry was used to count endothelial cells (ECs) and measure the capillary density (CD). A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to measure the expression of VEGF protein and VEGF mRNA. Results The number of ECs, and the CDs in the ES group were significantly greater than in the control group, and the expression of VEGF protein and VEGF mRNA was also significantly higher. Conclusions Low voltage electrical stimulation at 50 Hz can promote angiogenesis and the expression of VEGF in the ischemic myocardium in rats.
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Objective To investigate the effects of cerebellum fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS) on right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats with autonomic cardiovascular function disturbances. Methods MCAO model was employed in this study. A total of 60 MCAO rats were randomly divided into FNS group and non cerebellum fastigial nucleus stimulation group (NFNS). The time domain, power spectral components, and chaos of heart rate variability (HRV) were analyzed. Results The power spectral components and chaos of HRV at 3, 5, and 10 d after MCAO were significantly lower than those in the sham group ( P
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Objective To observe the effects of electrical stimulation of the cerebellum′s fastigial nucleus on neurogenic autonomic functional disturbances in rats after ischemic stroke. Methods Right middle cerebral artery occlusions (MCAOs) were performed on rats and their heart rate variability (HRV) was analysed. The MCAO rats were randomly divided into a group whose cerebellar fastigial nuclei (FNS) were stimulated and a control group. The power spectrum components and chaos of their heart rate variability were analysed. The MCAOs were performed after two cerebellar fastigial nuclei had been destroyed by pretreatment with ibotenic acid (IBO), to investigate the effect of stimulating the cerebellum′s fastigial nucleus on heart rate variability. Results The power spectral components and chaos in the heart rate variability of the MCAO rats were reduced, and there was a significant difference in the effectiveness rate compared with the sham groups (P
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Objective To assess the effects of electric stimulating insular cortex on ECG and heart rate variability(HRV) in rats. Methods ⑴The total of 36 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and electric stimulating group, and ECG was observed after electric stimulating insular cortex 1 hour with 500uA,50HZ current intensity. ⑵The total of 42 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group,control group and electric stimulating group, then the control group and electric stimulating group were further divided into 70uA,500uA,1500uA,50HZ stimulating groups, each group containing 6 rats. Blood pressure, heart rate and HRV were observed after electric stimulation 1 hour. Results ⑴The ECG showed change,and heart rate and blood pressure of rats in the electric stimulating group significantly increased at 500uA after electric stimulation 1 hour compared with sham and control groups. ⑵The measured components of HRV of 500uA and 1500uA stimulating groups, such as percentages of NN intervals differences
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AIM: To explore the effect of PKC activition on cardiac myocyte apoptosis and expression of bcl-2 during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) in rats. METHODS: TUNEL,immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used. RESULTS: The TUNEL data showed that the numbers of positive cardiac myocyte nucleus and the percentage of positive cardiac myocyte nucleus in PMA+IR 3 h group decreased significantly( P
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AIM: To explore the effect of ischemic preconditioning on cardiac myocyte apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2 during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rats. METHODS: We use TUNEL,immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization(ISH) methods to detect the cardiac myocyte apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2 during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rats. RESULTS:① The numbers of positive cardiac myocyte nuclear and the percentage of positive cardiac myocyte nuclear in IP+I/R 3h group decreased significantly(P
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AIM: To investigate the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on brain tissue VEGF protein expression in 24 h after severe burns. METHODS: (1) 40% total body surface area (TBSA) Ⅲ? burn model was made in Wistar males rats. Brain water (%) was examined at 24 h after burn. (2) NE levels in the rat brain tissue were determined by high performence liquid chromatography. (3) VEGF protein levels in the rat brain tissue were determined by Western blotting at 24 h of postburn. RESULTS: (1) Brain edema exhibited at the burns and burn with norepinephrine groups. (2) A increase in NE levels in the rat brain tissue was observed at the burns. NE levels increased significantly in burn with norepinephrine groups. (3) VEGF protein expression in the rat brain tissue was gradually increased with increasing in norepinephrine stimulating dose. VEGF protein expression in the burn rats brain tissue was significantly increased in burn with high dose of norepinephrine stimulation. CONCLUSION: Norepinephrine induced VEGF protein expression in rat brain tissue at 24 h after severe burn, suggesting that increases in norepinephrine level postburn induce brain edema.
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AIM: To investigate the changes of gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in norepinephrine/ burn serum-induced astrocytes.METHODS: Immunofluorescence staining was used to show the distribution of VEGF in astrocytes after 24 h using norepinephrine/burn serum stimulation.Western blotting was used to detect protein expression of VEGF.Real time PCR was used to investigate expression of VEGF mRNA.RESULTS: ① Green fluorescence of protein expression of VEGF in astrocytes was increased when treated with high dose norepinephrine(50 ?mol/L).Green fluorescence of protein expression of VEGF in astrocytes was increased distinctness after burn serum stimulation.Green fluorescence protein expression of VEGF in astrocytes was increased significantly when high dose norepinephrine combined with burn serum stimulation was added.② VEGF protein expression in burn serum stimulating group was increased,and VEGF protein expression was significantly increased when burn serum was added during moderate(20 ?mol/L),high dose norepinephrine stimulation.③ Expression of VEGF mRNA was increased in burn serumtreated astrocytes.Expression of VEGF mRNA was increased significantly when norepinephrine-stimulated astrocytes exposed to barn serum,and as norepinephrine dose increases gradually.CONCLUSION: Norepinephrine and burn serum play an important role in inducing VEGF protein expression in astrocytes,suggesting that stress reaction of postburn is an important cause in inducing brain edema by excreting VEGF in astrocytes.